***

## 📘 1. Access Element from a List

**Problem:**
You have a list of fruits. Print the second fruit.

**Example Input:**

```
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]

```

**Example Output:**

```
banana

```

**Solution:**

```
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
print(fruits[1])

```

**Explanation:**
List indexing starts at 0. So `fruits[1]` gives the second element.

***

## 🍊 2. Replace an Element in a List

**Problem:**
Replace “banana” with “orange” in the list.

**Example Input:**

```
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]

```

**Example Output:**

```
['apple', 'orange', 'cherry']

```

**Solution:**

```
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
fruits[1] = "orange"
print(fruits)

```

**Explanation:**
Lists are **mutable**, so you can directly modify elements using index assignment.

***

## ✨ 3. Combine Two Lists

**Problem:**
Join two lists of numbers into one.

**Example Input:**

```
list1 = [1, 2, 3]
list2 = [4, 5, 6]

```

**Example Output:**

```
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]

```

**Solution:**

```
list1 = [1, 2, 3]
list2 = [4, 5, 6]
combined = list1 + list2
print(combined)

```

**Explanation:**
Using `+` merges two lists into a single one.

***

## 🔢 4. Convert String to List

**Problem:**
Convert a comma-separated string into a list.

**Example Input:**

```
text = "apple,banana,cherry"

```

**Example Output:**

```
['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']

```

**Solution:**

```
text = "apple,banana,cherry"
result = text.split(",")
print(result)

```

**Explanation:**
The `split()` method breaks a string into a list using a separator.

***

## 🔤 5. Join List into String

**Problem:**
Convert a list into a single string separated by spaces.

**Example Input:**

```
words = ["Python", "is", "fun"]

```

**Example Output:**

```
Python is fun

```

**Solution:**

```
words = ["Python", "is", "fun"]
sentence = " ".join(words)
print(sentence)

```

**Explanation:**
`join()` combines list elements into a single string using a chosen separator.

***

## 🧾 6. Access Dictionary Value

**Problem:**
Access the value of key `"age"` from a dictionary.

**Example Input:**

```
person = {"name": "Amit", "age": 25}

```

**Example Output:**

```
25

```

**Solution:**

```
person = {"name": "Amit", "age": 25}
print(person["age"])

```

**Explanation:**
Dictionaries store data in key-value pairs. You can retrieve values using the key name.

***

## 🧩 7. Add New Key-Value Pair to Dictionary

**Problem:**
Add a new key `"city": "Delhi"` to the given dictionary.

**Example Input:**

```
person = {"name": "Amit", "age": 25}

```

**Example Output:**

```
{'name': 'Amit', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Delhi'}

```

**Solution:**

```
person = {"name": "Amit", "age": 25}
person["city"] = "Delhi"
print(person)

```

**Explanation:**
You can add new data to a dictionary by assigning a value to a new key.

***

## 💬 8. Combine List and Dictionary

**Problem:**
Given two lists — one of keys and one of values — create a dictionary.

**Example Input:**

```
keys = ["name", "age"]
values = ["Riya", 22]

```

**Example Output:**

```
{'name': 'Riya', 'age': 22}

```

**Solution:**

```
keys = ["name", "age"]
values = ["Riya", 22]
result = dict(zip(keys, values))
print(result)

```

**Explanation:**
`zip()` pairs corresponding elements, and `dict()` converts them into a dictionary.

***

## 🧮 9. Extract Specific Data from Nested List of Dictionaries

**Problem:**
Given a list of dictionaries, print the name of the first student.

**Example Input:**

```
students = [
    {"name": "Amit", "score": 85},
    {"name": "Riya", "score": 90}
]

```

**Example Output:**

```
Amit

```

**Solution:**

```
students = [
    {"name": "Amit", "score": 85},
    {"name": "Riya", "score": 90}
]
print(students[0]["name"])

```

**Explanation:**
Access the first dictionary with `[0]` and then fetch the `"name"` value using its key.

***

## 🧠 10. Nested Dictionary Access

**Problem:**
Print the subject name inside a nested dictionary.

**Example Input:**

```
student = {
    "name": "Ravi",
    "details": {"subject": "Maths", "marks": 90}
}

```

**Example Output:**

```
Maths

```

**Solution:**

```
student = {
    "name": "Ravi",
    "details": {"subject": "Maths", "marks": 90}
}
print(student["details"]["subject"])

```

**Explanation:**
Access the inner dictionary using nested keys.

***

## 🧾 11. Extract Dictionary Keys as List

**Problem:**
Convert dictionary keys into a list.

**Example Input:**

```
student = {"name": "Riya", "age": 22, "marks": 85}

```

**Example Output:**

```
['name', 'age', 'marks']

```

**Solution:**

```
student = {"name": "Riya", "age": 22, "marks": 85}
keys = list(student.keys())
print(keys)

```

**Explanation:**
The `.keys()` method returns all dictionary keys, which can be converted to a list.

***

## 🧮 12. Merge Two Dictionaries

**Problem:**
Merge two dictionaries into one.

**Example Input:**

```
a = {"x": 10, "y": 20}
b = {"z": 30}

```

**Example Output:**

```
{'x': 10, 'y': 20, 'z': 30}

```

**Solution:**

```
a = {"x": 10, "y": 20}
b = {"z": 30}
a.update(b)
print(a)

```

**Explanation:**
The `.update()` method adds key-value pairs from one dictionary to another.

***

## 🔡 13. Replace Word in a String Using List

**Problem:**
Replace `"Python"` with `"Java"` in a sentence using list conversion.

**Example Input:**

```
sentence = "I love Python programming"

```

**Example Output:**

```
I love Java programming

```

**Solution:**

```
sentence = "I love Python programming"
words = sentence.split()
words[2] = "Java"
new_sentence = " ".join(words)
print(new_sentence)

```

**Explanation:**
Convert to a list, modify a word, then join it back into a string.

***

## 🧊 14. Convert Tuple to List

**Problem:**
Convert a tuple into a list.

**Example Input:**

```
numbers = (10, 20, 30)

```

**Example Output:**

```
[10, 20, 30]

```

**Solution:**

```
numbers = (10, 20, 30)
result = list(numbers)
print(result)

```

**Explanation:**
Use the `list()` function to convert an immutable tuple into a mutable list.

***

## 💎 15. Find Common Elements Between Two Lists Using Set

**Problem:**
Find the common fruits present in both lists.

**Example Input:**

```
list1 = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
list2 = ["banana", "cherry", "mango"]

```

**Example Output:**

```
{'banana', 'cherry'}

```

**Solution:**

```
list1 = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
list2 = ["banana", "cherry", "mango"]
common = set(list1) & set(list2)
print(common)

```

**Explanation:**
Converting lists to sets lets you find intersections easily using `&`.

You have a list of fruits. Print the second fruit.

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
print(fruits[1])


Replace “banana” with “orange” in the list.

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
fruits[1] = "orange"
print(fruits)


, so you can directly modify elements using index assignment.

list1 = [1, 2, 3]
list2 = [4, 5, 6]
combined = list1 + list2
print(combined)


Convert a comma-separated string into a list.

text = "apple,banana,cherry"
result = text.split(",")
print(result)


 method breaks a string into a list using a separator.

Convert a list into a single string separated by spaces.

words = ["Python", "is", "fun"]
sentence = " ".join(words)
print(sentence)


 combines list elements into a single string using a chosen separator.

person = {"name": "Amit", "age": 25}
print(person["age"])


Dictionaries store data in key-value pairs. You can retrieve values using the key name.

🧩 7. Add New Key-Value Pair to Dictionary

{'name': 'Amit', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Delhi'}


person = {"name": "Amit", "age": 25}
person["city"] = "Delhi"
print(person)


You can add new data to a dictionary by assigning a value to a new key.

Given two lists — one of keys and one of values — create a dictionary.

keys = ["name", "age"]
values = ["Riya", 22]


keys = ["name", "age"]
values = ["Riya", 22]
result = dict(zip(keys, values))
print(result)


🧮 9. Extract Specific Data from Nested List of Dictionaries

Given a list of dictionaries, print the name of the first student.

students = [
    {"name": "Amit", "score": 85},
    {"name": "Riya", "score": 90}
]


students = [
    {"name": "Amit", "score": 85},
    {"name": "Riya", "score": 90}
]
print(students[0]["name"])


Print the subject name inside a nested dictionary.

student = {
    "name": "Ravi",
    "details": {"subject": "Maths", "marks": 90}
}


student = {
    "name": "Ravi",
    "details": {"subject": "Maths", "marks": 90}
}
print(student["details"]["subject"])


Access the inner dictionary using nested keys.